“反抗绝望”中的“正能量”——鲁迅“出山”与查拉图斯特拉“下山”契合再探

“Positive Energy”in“Resisting Despair”——Re-examining the Affinities of Lu Xun’s“Coming Out”and Zarathustra’s“Going Down”

鲁迅"出山"参与五四运动,与尼采笔下的查拉图斯特拉"下山"宣讲"超人"颇多相似之处。其中"反抗绝望"一点,之前已有很多论述。虽然"反抗绝望"因有"反抗"而非彻底消极,仍然未能说明尼采何以自称为盈溢的太阳。其实,鲁迅恐怕并非是消极被动地让人请出来的。尼采与鲁迅"隐居"十年,实际上都在积聚传统精神文化的"正能量"。鲁迅当初主张"复古",后来发觉大家对"古"其实都不甚了解,于是设法通过实物去了解过去。所谓"沉入于国民中,使我回到古代去",其实是在吸收中国传统的积极的"蜂蜜"。但在当时的情况下,鲁迅对复兴传统文化的想法并未被人理解和重视,与尼采一样,只能寄希望于未来的"孩子"或"新人"。

There are many similarities between Lu Xun’s"coming out"of his seclusion to participate in the May Fourth Movement and Zarathustra’s(i.e.Nietzsche’s)"coming down"from the mountain to preach"the Overman.""Resisting despair"is one of them and has been widely discussed.Although"resisting despair"is not fully pessimistic because of its"resistance",it still can not explain Nietzsche’s positive attitude in his claim that he was like an effusive sun.In fact,Lu Xun was not persuaded to get out and break away from his pessimism.During the ten years of Nietzsche’s and Lu Xun’s"seclusion",they both were accumulating the"positive energy"of inheriting cultural tradition.Lu Xun used to advocate the"restoration of the past",but later he realized that his contemporaries knew very little of the"past".So he tried to understand the"past"through archaeological artifacts such as mirrors,sculptures,engravings and others.When Lu Xun said he"went deep down to the people and went back to the past",he was in fact collecting the"honey"of Chinese tradition.However,under the circumstances of his time,Lu Xun’s contemporaries did not share nor pay attention to his ideas of the revival of traditional culture.Like Nietzsche,Lu Xun could only rest his hope on the"children"and"new people"of the future.