诗史与命名:刘克庄“诗祖”论及其他

Poetry History and Naming: Liu Kezhuang’s “Poetry Ancestry” Theory and Others

刘克庄是晚宋诗坛杰出的诗人和富有创见的诗论家。他运用诗作、诗话、诗选及序跋题记等形式,提出"诗祖""派家""家数"等一系列典范命名和诗学范畴,为宋诗的演进、宋代诗人的经典化作了重要的理论总结,形成自成体系的宋诗史观。与张戒《岁寒堂诗话》、严羽《沧浪诗话》扬唐抑宋的诗学倾向相比,刘克庄排除了狭隘的门户之见和"影响的焦虑",提出宋代文学全面超越唐人的论断,对两宋诗坛主要诗人、不同风格和派别给予全面而客观的品鉴、阐释、评价,表现了强烈的文化优越感、自觉的"本朝"文学史观,凸显了当代视野。

Liu Kezhuang was an outstanding poet and a creative specialist in poetics in the late Song Dynasty poetic circles. He used poems, poetic dialogues, poetry selections and prologues, proposed a series of paradigm names and poetic categories, such as "poetry ancestry","faction" and "family", and made a significant theoretical summary of the evolution of Song poetry, the classicalization of the poets of the Song Dynasty, and formed a self-contained systematic view of Song poetry history. Compared with Zhang Jie’s Poetic Theory of Suihantang and Yan Yu’s Poetic Theory of Canglang which showed the tendency of exalting Tang poems and criticizing Song poems, Liu Kezhuang got rid of his narrow factional view and the "anxiety about influence", put forward the thesis that the Song Dynasty literature surpassed comprehensively the Tang Dynasty literature, offered a comprehensive and objective appreciation, interpretation and evaluation of the major poets with different styles and factions of the Song Dynasty poetry, and showed his strong sense of cultural superiority and conscious view of the literary history of the "present dynasty"and highlighted the contemporary field of vision.