大学生道德决策过程的影响因素分析及优化对策

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Moral Decision-making Process of University’s Students and Countermeasures for Optimization

采用问卷法对安徽省3所高校695名大学生进行调查研究,并通过中介效应模型分析探讨大学生道德推脱、道德敏感性、道德基础和道德行为四者之间的内在关系。研究发现:(1)不同道德情境下,大学生道德决策不是一成不变的,而是随情境变化发生相应变化的。(2)大学生的道德基础、道德敏感性和道德行为水平均高于一般水平,道德推脱水平低于一般水平。(3)大学生在道德敏感性、道德基础、道德行为三个因子上有显著的性别差异,在道德推脱上没有显著的性别差异。女生的道德基础、道德行为水平显著高于男生,男生的道德敏感性水平显著高于女生。(4)大学生在道德推脱、道德行为和道德基础水平上有显著的年级差异,而在道德敏感性水平上则没有。(5)道德敏感性、道德推脱并行在大学生道德基础对道德行为的影响关系中起部分中介效应。因此,在以后的道德教育中,要加强对大学生道德基础认知能力、道德问题辨别处理能力和法治意识的培养,从而完善其道德信仰结构,强化其道德实践操作能力,提升和控制其道德敏感性。

This paper investigated 695 university’s students of three universities in Anhui province by questionnaire survey,and explored the relationships among university’s students’moral foundation,moral sensitivity,moral disengagement and moral behavior through mediating effect model analysis.The results show that the moral decision of university’s students is not static,but changes with the situation under different moral situations;the level of university’s students’moral foundation,moral sensitivity and moral behavior is higher than the general level,and the level of moral disengagement is lower than the general level;there is a significant gender difference in moral foundation,moral sensitivity and moral behavior,the level of girls is higher than boys in moral foundation and moral behavior,and the level of boys is higher than girls in moral sensitivity;there is a significant grade difference in moral foundation,moral disengagement and moral behavior,but no significant grade difference in moral sensitivity;moral sensitivity and moral disengagement have a concurrent and partial mediation effect in the influence of moral foundation on moral behavior.In the future moral education,we should strengthen the cultivation of university’s students’moral basic cognitive ability,moral problem discrimination and handling ability and the rule of law,so as to perfect the belief structure of common morality,strengthen their moral practical operation ability,and enhance and control common moral sensitivity.