监察法与刑法衔接视域下的“监察对象”认定

The Identification of "Supervision Object" from the Perspective of the Connection between Supervision Law and Criminal Law

司法实践中"监察对象"的认定不明,且因《监察法》与《刑法》严厉程度不同、"公职单位"监察缺失和"监察机关"性质不明等,引起了其与职务犯罪主体"国家工作人员"的范围差,阻碍了监察程序的推进。对"监察对象"法律定义中的"公权力""公职人员""从事公务"和"从事管理"四个核心要素的释义,可以建构从"行为"或"身份"识别"监察对象"的标准。对"宽打窄用"原则的合理适用、将"公职单位"纳入监察对象以及用"监察机关"类比"司法机关"等处理方式,可以在现有法秩序框架下助力监察程序的有序推进。

In judicial practice, the identification of "supervision object" is unclear. The different severity of "Supervision Law" and "Criminal Law", the lack of supervision of "public service units" and the unclear nature of "supervision organs" lead to the difference between the scope of "supervision object" and the subject of job-related crimes, which hinders the progress of the supervision procedure. The interpretation of the four core elements of "public power", "public officials", "engaging in public service" and "engaging in management" in the legal definition of "supervision object" can construct the standard of identifying "supervision object" from "behavior" or "identity". The reasonable application of the principle of "broad strike and narrow use", the inclusion of "public units" in the object of supervision and the analogy of "judicial organs" by "supervisory organs" can help the orderly progress of the supervision procedure under the framework of the existing legal order.