The Challenging Place of Natural Hazards in Disaster Risk Reduction Conceptual Models:Insights from Central Africa and the European Alps

Based on a literature review and two case studies,this article presents the difficulties inherent in the main disaster risk reduction conceptual models.The method used to highlight such evidence is to compare two programs on disaster risk reduction with mainstream conceptual models.The authors participated in these programs,which were confronted with the need to integrate contributions and insights from both earth and social sciences.Our analysis found that the existing main conceptual models were unable to do justice to disaster risk reduction needs.This finding encouraged us to critique these models.Further effort led us to present possible solutions to compensate for the shortcomings of current models while taking into account the contextualization and dynamics of phenomena,as well as grappling with the more explicit integration of hazards and hazard risk into model design.