从仪式到展演——不同情境中老虎笙的考察

From Ritual to Performance:Various Presentations of Laohu Sheng in Different Situations

老虎笙发源于楚雄州双柏县小麦地冲村,是彝族"倮倮"支系祭祀先祖、求福的仪式。老虎笙主要分为祭虎、选虎、跳虎、挨家挨户驱邪、送虎、抢食猫肉等几个环节。正如其他民俗仪式一样,老虎笙在社会发展中不断改变。文章通过对比分析楚雄州双柏县法脿镇小麦地冲村民间记忆中的老虎笙、村中现存的老虎笙仪式及展演中的老虎笙,总结老虎笙仪式流程、内容、功能等方面的变化和展演中老虎笙的调整,认为以展演为代表老虎笙文化的变迁是彝族文化在现代社会中自我调适的一种体现。

There is a ceremony of tiger called Laohu Sheng which is an exorcising ritual of Luoluo,a branch of Yi people who live in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture.Xiaomaidichong Village is its’ birthplace.Laohu Sheng is mainly divided into the parts such as sacrifice for tiger-god,to choose eight persons who will act as tigers,dancing by acting as tigers,exorcism and blessing in every house,to see tiger-god off,and then to eat the meat of totem (in fact it is pork) called the meat of cats.Like other folk rituals,Laohu Sheng is constantly changing with social development.There are three different presentation of Laohu Sheng:the memory about this ritual from villagers who live in the Xiaomaidichong Village where belongs to Shuangbai County of Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture,and present ritual in this village and performance of Laohu Sheng.By analyzing these three different forms of Laohu Sheng,this paper summarizes the changes in the process and content of this tiger ceremony.This shows that changes of the culture of this tiger ritual shows how Yi peoples adjust their culture by themselves in modern society.