论谅解备忘录的法律性质和法律效力

The Legal Nature and Legal Effect of Memorandum of Understanding

作为国际性文书的谅解备忘录通常是指两个及其以上的国际法主体在处理各项国际事务中所缔结的不具有法律约束力的文书,具有保密性、形式自由、易于修正、无须得到一国立法机关的批准等特点,使其逐渐得到各国的青睐。谅解备忘录原则上并不是条约,但在实践中也存在将谅解备忘录作为一项条约的名称来使用的现实情况。因此,在实践中要判断某一个具体的谅解备忘录是否是条约,需要结合缔结该谅解备忘录时使用的措辞、文书的具体内容、有关法律地位的明文规定、缔结时的具体情形,以及制定者缔结之后的行为等来进行综合判断。

The memorandum of understanding,as an international instrument,generally refers to the non-legally binding instrument concluded by the two or more bodies of international law in dealing with international affairs.The security,the form of freedom,the easy to correct,need not get the approval of a country’s legislature,etc.,make it gradually get the favor of all the countries.The memorandum of understanding is not in principle a treaty,but in practice it is also the reality of the use of a memorandum of understanding as the name of a treaty.In practice,therefore,it is to be determined whether a specific memorandum of understanding is a treaty,which needs to be combined with the language and instruments used in the conclusion of the memorandum of understanding The content,the provisions on the status of the legal status,as well as the specific circumstances at the conclusion of the conclusion,as well as the behavior after the conclusion of the maker,etc.,are integrated.