云南省热带、亚热带和亚高山森林凋落物层中弹尾类群落组成的研究

Diversity Distribution Patterns of Collembola in Litter Layers of Tropical,Subtropical,and Subalpine Forests in Yunnan Province

指出了土壤动物是生态系统中必不可少的一部分,弹尾类属于三大土壤动物之一,其数量巨大,分布广泛,在土壤微食物网中扮演着消费者和分解者的重要角色。为探究土壤弹尾类在云南省典型气候带下群落组成的差异,于2017年10月(雨季末期)分别在云南省三种典型气候带设置海拔梯度样带:热带(800 m、1000 m、1200 m、1400 m)、亚热带(2000 m、2200 m、2400 m、2600 m)、亚高山(3200 m、3400 m、3600 m、3800 m),采集凋落物层弹尾类并调查分析土壤温度、土壤含水量、凋落物厚度、土壤pH值、土壤容重及土壤孔隙度等环境因子。使用Tullgren法(干漏斗法)烘取凋落物中的弹尾类后鉴定到属。通过对不同气候带弹尾类群落组成的间接排序(NMDS)分析发现,不同气候带弹尾类群落组成有所不同,其中热带和亚高山的弹尾类群落组成相差最远,而亚热带与热带和亚高山均有相似之处,在气候带内部不同海拔的弹尾类群落组成较相似。通过弹尾类群落的直接排序(CCA)分析发现:在整体上,主要与弹尾类群落组成相关的环境因子为雨季土壤平均温度、雨季土壤极高温度、土壤pH值和凋落物厚度。分气候带看,热带弹尾类群落组成主要与土壤温度、土壤pH值和凋落物厚度相关;在亚热带,与弹尾类群落组成相关的主要环境因子为土壤温度;而在亚高山,与弹尾类群落组成相关的环境因子主要是凋落物厚度、土壤孔隙度和土壤pH值。

Soil fauna are an indispensable part of the ecosystem.Collembola belongs to one of the three major soil fauna,which are abundant and widely distributed.Collembola plays an important role as consumers and decomposers in the soil micro-food web.In order to explore the difference of composition of Collembola communities under typical climate zones in Yunnan Province,three typical climate zones were set up in October 2017(at the end of rainy season):tropical(800 m,1000 m,1200 m,1400 m),subtropical(2000 m,2200 m,2400 m,2600 m)and subalpine(3200 m,3400 m,3600 m,3800 m)to collect Collembola in litterfall layer.The environmental factors such as soil temperature,soil moisture,litterfall amount,soil pH,soil bulk density and soil porosity were investigated and analyzed.Collembola were taken by Tullgren method and then were identified to genus level.Through the analysis of indirect ordination(NMDS)of Collembola communities in different climatic zones,it is found that the composition of Collembola communities in different climatic zones is different.Tropical and sub-alpine zones is the most different,while the communities composition of Collembola in subtropical zones is similar to that in tropical and sub-alpine zones,and the composition of Collembola communities at different altitudes in same climatic zones are similar.The direct ordination(CCA)analysis showed that,on the whole,the main environmental factors related to the composition of the Collembola communities were average soil temperature in rainy season,extreme high temperature in rainy season,soil pH and litterfall amount.According to the climatic zones,the composition of Collembola communities in the tropics is mainly related to soil temperature,soil pH and litterfall amount;in the subtropics zone,the main environmental factors related to the composition of Collembola communities are soil temperature;in the subalpine areas,the environmental factors related to the composition of Collembola communities are litterfall amount,soil porosity and soil pH.