低平原区一季玉米种植产量和水分利用效率对播期的响应研究

Response of sowing date to yield and water use efficiency of one season maize in lowland plain area

为探讨低平原区一季玉米种植适宜播期和品种搭配高效种植模式,本研究以播期为主处理[2015和2016年4个播期(4月20日、5月5日、5月20日和6月5日),2017和2018年采用5个播期(5月5日、5月20日、6月5日、6月20日和6月30日)],‘登海605’‘先玉335’和‘郑单958’3个当地生产推广玉米品种作为副处理,研究了不同品种不同播期下的产量、产量性状及不同播期耗水组成及水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明:2015和2016年随播期的延后产量均呈现增加趋势以6月5日播种平均产量最高。2017和2018年产量随播期延后呈现先增加后降低的趋势,平均以6月20日播种产量最高,且较其他播期产量差异达显著水平。从产量性状看,播期主要影响玉米百粒重的提高,播期过早(4月20日、5月5日)或过晚(6月30日)不利于粒重提高,是产量降低的主要原因。从不同品种的产量对播期的响应来看,不同品种受年型影响较大,6月5日到6月20日播种综合产量较高,综合表现较好的品种为‘登海605’和‘先玉335’。从水分利用效率看,过早或过晚播种均不利于水分利用效率的提高。综合4年的研究结果,‘登海605’适播期在5月20日—6月20日,‘先玉335’在5月5日—6月20日播种均可获得较高产量,‘郑单958’在6月5日—6月20日播种较好。

The research aims to investigate the high efficiency model of optimizing maize sowing date and variety combination in the lowland plain groundwater overexploitation area in Hebei Province.A split block design was used,with sowing dates of single maize growing in a year as the main treatments and three corn varieties as sub-treatments.Four sowing dates(April 20,May 5,May 20 and June 5)were experimented in 2015 and 2016,and with five sowing dates(May 5,May 20,June 5,June 20 and June 30)in 2017 and 2018.The three varieties were‘Denghai 605’‘Xianyu 335’and‘Zhengdan 958’.Yield,yield components and water use efficiency of different varieties under different sowing dates were studied.The results showed that the average yield of varieties sowing on June 5 was the highest in 2015 and 2016,and there were significant differences in yields among different sowing date treatments.The yields increased firstly and then decreased with the delay of sowing time in 2017 and 2018,and the average yield of varieties sowing on June 20 was the highest,which was significantly different from that of other sowing dates.In terms of yield traits,sowing date mainly affects the increase of 100-grain weight of maize.Early sowing date(April 20,May 5)or late sowing date(June 30)were not conducive to the increase of grain weight,which was the main reason for the decrease of yield.From the response of yield of different varieties to sowing date,the comprehensive yield of sowing from June 5 to June 20 was higher,and different varieties were greatly affected in different years.The better varieties were‘Denghai 605’and‘Xianyu 335’.As to water use efficiency,sowing too early or too late was not conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency.Based on the results of four years,the sowing dates from May 20 to June 20 under the limited water conditions in this area can produce higher yield,and the sowing dates of‘Denghai 605’‘Xianyu 335’and‘Zhengdan 958’were better from May 20 to June 20,May 5 to June 20,and June 5 to June 20,respectively.