北京市某区在册严重精神障碍患者流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients With Severe Mental Disorders in a District of Beijing

目的了解北京市某区在册严重精神障碍患者流行病学特征。方法严重精神障碍患者信息来源于北京市精神卫生信息管理系统,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,组间比较采用卡方检验。结果截至2018-12-31,北京市某区在册严重精神障碍患者6 574例,报告患病率为3.27‰;平均年龄(53.34±15.60)岁,男女性别比为1∶1.04,初中及以下文化程度占77.35%,有严重精神障碍家族史的患者占6.57%,已婚患者占50.26%。其中罹患精神分裂症最多占52.01%,其次为精神发育迟滞伴精神障碍占29.53%。6类严重精神障碍患者发病年龄、起病形式、病程上差异均有统计学意义。结论不同类型的严重精神障碍患者具有不同的流行病学特征,应采取有针对性的社区防控措施,罹患精神分裂症和精神发育迟滞伴精神障碍的在册患者是社区精神卫生防治、康复、管理的主要对象,应早预防、早发现和早治疗,加强综合性社区干预,改善患者社会功能。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of patients with severe mental disorders in a district of Beijing. Methods The information of patients with severe mental disorders was derived from the Beijing Mental Health Information Management System. The descriptive epidemiological method was used for analysis. The comparison between groups was performed by χ~2 tests. Results As of December 31 2018,there were 6 574 patients with severe mental disorders in a district of Beijing,with a reported prevalence rate of 3.27‰;mean age(53.34±15.60) years old,male-female ratio was 1∶1.04, the patients of education level was junior high school and below were accounted for 77.35%, about 6.57% of patients had a family history of severe mental disorders,and 50.26% patients were married. Among them. Schizophrenia accounts for up to 52.01%,then followed by mental retardation with mental disorders which was accounted for 29.53%. There were statistically significant differences in age, onset, and duration of disease in patients with severe mental disorders. Conclusion Different types of patients with severe mental disorders have different epidemiological characteristics. Targeted community prevention and control measures should be taken. Those who suffer from schizophrenia and mental retardation with mental disorders should be the main target of community mental health prevention, rehabilitation, and management.The main target should be early prevention,early detection,early treatment,and the comprehensive community intervention,and improve the social function of patients should be strengthen.