成都市龙泉驿区农村无害化卫生厕建设效果评价

Evaluation of Construction of Harmless Sanitary Latrines in Rural Areas in Longquanqyi,Chengdu

目的了解成都市龙泉驿区农村改厕的现状及无害化效果,指导今后的改厕工作。方法 2019-09/10通过阶段随机抽样,采用问卷调查、现场监测、实验室检测等方法调查成都市龙泉驿区改厕户799户,现场监测蝇、蛆、臭味768户,检测无害化粪稀102份。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析,率的比较采用卡方检验,粪大肠菌值的比较采用秩和检验。结果在改厕户防病卫生知识知晓率中,建无害化卫生厕所可降低腹泻病的知晓率最低(78.8%);在对无害化卫生厕所正确使用知识的调查中,仅19.8%、43.7%的改厕户知道改厕后需做防渗试验和平时应密闭化粪池。改厕户蝇、蛆密度和臭味监测的合格率分别为97.1%、98.7%和100.0%。无害化卫生厕所的化粪池修建合格率(97.7%)高于厕屋修建合格率(82.4%)(χ^2=105.7,P<0.001)。102份粪稀无害化效果检测均合格,砖砌式三格化粪池无害化效果(粪大肠菌值0.004)好于一体式玻璃钢化粪池(0.000 4)(P<0.001)。结论成都市龙泉驿区卫生厕所修建合格率高,无害化效果好,但居民对卫生厕所使用和维护知识的知晓率较低。砖砌式三格化粪池无害化效果优于一体式玻璃钢化粪池。为增加卫生厕所的健康效果,应更注重健康教育,增加居民对相关知识的掌握。选择砖砌式或一体式玻璃钢化粪池需综合考虑其无害化效果、社会经济和环境影响。

Objective To learn the current situation and harmless effect of latrine renovation in rural areas,in order to guide the future work of latrine renovation. Methods The study investigated 799 rural households chosen by stratified random sampling method with questionnaire survey, on-site monitoring,and laboratory testing. Flies,maggots and odor of 768 households were monitored,and harmless feces sample in 102 households were tested. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis,chi-square test was used for rate comparison,and rank-sum test was used for fecal Escherichia coli value comparison. Results In the awareness rate of health knowledge of the disease prevention of latrine renovation,the rate was lowest in the function of diarrhea reduction of harmless sanitary latrines construction(78.8%),and in the investigation of the right use of harmless sanitary latrines,there were only 19.8% and 43.7% households knew that anti-seepage tests should be done and the septic tank should be closed regularly after the latrine renovation. The qualification rate of flies,maggot density and odor were 97.1%, 98.7% and 100.0%, respectively. The construction pass rate of septic tank of harmless sanitary latrines(97.7%) was higher than that of the room of harmless sanitary latrines(82.4%)(χ^2=105.7,P<0.001). The results of 102 harmless feces samples were all qualified. The harmless effect of the brick three-grid septic tank(Escherichia coli:0.004) was better than that of the integrated glass steel septic tank(0.000 4), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001). Conclusion The construction pass rate of sanitary latrines in Longquanyi is high and with good harmless effect,but people’s awareness of the use and maintenance of sanitary latrines is still low. The harmless effect of the brick three-grid septic tank was better than that of the integrated glass steel septic tank. To improve the health effect of sanitary latrines, health education should be more emphasized and the knowledge about sanitary latrines should be increased.More comprehensively consideration of harmless effect and social economical and environmental impact should be given in the choice of whether to build a brick septic tank or integrated glass steel septic tank.