阿拉善乡土住宅的演变逻辑研究——以清代定居住宅对当代蒙古族民居的影响为例

Research on the Evolution Logic of Vernacular Dwellings in Alxa Area:Take the Impact of Qing Dynasty Sedentary Dwellings on Contemporary Mongolian Dwellings as an Example

如果说蒙古包是蒙古族居所的前世,那么定居住宅则是蒙古族居所的今生。蒙古族的定居过程并不是其自身演变的单一产物,而是经历了多重外来因素作用的复杂结果。其中,清代藏传佛教的大力推行促进了部分蒙古族从游牧到定居的变迁。在文化景观层面,上层社会的建筑形式对普通牧民的日常居所亦产生了不断的影响作用。本文通过对内蒙古阿拉善盟境内现存两个较完整的始建于清代的定居住宅的院落布局、建筑形式等方面的测绘和分析,与一处游牧晚期蒙古族(牧业)定国聚落进行对比,提出清代定居住宅在建筑形式上对当代蒙古族民居的影响内容。进而为研究--个地区的乡上住宅演变逻辑提供有力佐证。

If the Ger is the previous life of the Mongolian dwelling,then the sedentary dwelling is the present life.The settlement process of Mongolian is not only the result of their own evolution,but also the complicated product of multiple external factors.In Qing dynasty,the prormotion of Lamaism accelerated the transition of some mongols from:nomadism to settlement.In terms of cultural landscape study,the sedentary architecture(including official dwellings and Lamas dwellings)also exerted a constant influence on the dwellings of ordinary herdsmen.Through observing the courtyard layout,architectural form and layout of two existing Qing dynasty settlements in Alxa,Inner Mongolia,this paper compares them with an existing Mongolian pastoral settlement in the same region,and puts forward the content of the influence of Qing dynasty sedentary dwellings on contemporary Mongolian dwellings in spatial form,which provides a strong evidence for the study of the evolution logic of vernacular dwellings in an particular area.