失独家庭人群社会支持现状及影响因素分析

The social support current situation and influencing factors on the people in the family bereaved of the only child

目的研究失独家庭人群社会支持现状及影响因素。方法随机整群抽取重庆市主城的3个区内符合入组条件的失独家庭人群841例和子女健在家庭人群674例,以一般情况调查表和社会支持(SSRS)、症状自评(SCL-90)、焦虑自评(SAS)、抑郁自评(SDS)及WHO生活质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)中文版等量表为评定工具进行现场调查。结果2组人群SSRS测评总分和各维度得分及各量表得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);失独家庭人群收入水平对社会支持总分及各维度得分影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);躯体疾病对总分及客观支持、支持利用得分的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);失独时长对客观支持和支持利用得分影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而对总分及主观支持得分的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);婚姻状况和文化程度对社会支持得分多元线性回归方程有统计学意义(P<0.05);失独时长和失去子女的年龄对生活质量的社会关系和环境领域、抑郁因子得分多元线性回归方程有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论失独家庭人群社会支持显著低于子女健在家庭人群,与抑郁症状和社会关系、环境领域感受水平降低相关,受婚姻状况、文化程度及失独时长、躯体疾病和收入水平等因素影响显著。

Objective To investigate the social support current situation and influencing factors on the people in the family bereaved of the only child.Methods A total of 841 family members in the family bereaved of the only child were randomly chosen from the main three districts of Chongqing,at the same time,the other 841 family members in the family with health children were randomly chosen form the same districts.The on-the-spot investigation was performed by means of general condition questionnaire,social support rating scale(SSRS),symptom checklist(SCL-90),self rating anxiety scale(SAS),self rating depression scale(SDS)and WHO quality of life scale(WHOQOL-BREF)scale.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age and culture between the two groups(P>0.05).There were significant differences in the total score of SSRS and the scores of every rating scale between the two groups(P<0.05).The effects of the income levels in the family bereaved of the only child on the total score of social support and the scores of different dimensions were statistically significant(P<0.05),moreover,the effects of somatic disease on total score,objective support and support utilization scores were statistically significant(P<0.05).In addition the effects of length of losing the only child on objective support and support utilization score were statistically significant(P<0.05),however,its effects on total scores and subjective support scores were not significant(P>0.05).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the marital status,educational levels of parents and social support scores(P<0.05),there was a significant correlation between the length of losing only child,the parents’age at death the only child and the life quality of parents,the social relation field and environmental field as well as SCL-90 depression factor scores(P<0.05).Conclusion The social support in the family bereaved of the only child is significantly lower than that in the famaly with health children,which is correlated with the decrease of depression status,social relation and environmental field perception level,moreover,which is influenced by the marital status,education levels,the length of losing only child,somatic disease and income levels of the parents.