狂犬病疫苗接种免疫效果分析

Analysis on the immune effect of rabies vaccination:a report

目的:探讨狂犬病疫苗接种的免疫效果。方法:选取2019年1-12月接种的狂犬病暴露者1149例,均严格按照规定时间接种狂犬病疫苗。所有狂犬病暴露者分别于伤口暴露第0、3、7、14、28天在上臂三角肌内注射狂犬病疫苗1剂,全程5剂。所有狂犬病暴露者全程接种5针次结束后的第14天检测抗狂犬病毒抗体IgG。结果:1149例狂犬病暴露者接种阳性1123例(97.7%),有接种史273例,阳性271例(99.3%),无接种史876例,阳性852例(97.3%);有慢性病史者阳性率为94.6%(283/299),无慢性病史者阳性率为98.8%(840/850);年龄1~20岁阳性率为99.0%(289/292),21~40阳性率为96.7%(374/386),41~60岁阳性率为93.9%(310/330),61~80岁阳性率为90.8%(128/141);暴露部位在头面部、躯干部阳性率为94.1%(254/270),暴露部位在四肢阳性率为98.9%(869/879)。结论:狂犬病疫苗接种免疫效果与暴露部位、年龄、接种史、有慢性病史有着密切的关系。

Objective:To explore the immune effect of rabies vaccine.Methods:From January to December in 2019,1149 cases of rabies exposed were selected,they were vaccinated strictly according to the prescribed time.All the patients exposed to rabies were injected 1 dose of rabies vaccine into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm on the 0 th,3 rd,7 th,14 th and 28 th day of wound exposure,respectively.Anti-rabies virus antibody IgG was detected on the 14 th day after 5 injections of rabies vaccination in all patients exposed to rabies.Results:Among the 1149 cases of rabies exposure,1123 cases(97.7%)were vaccinated positive,273 cases had vaccination history,271 cases(99.3%)were positive,876 cases had no history of vaccination,852 cases(97.3%)were positive.The positive rate was 94.6%(283/299)in those with chronic history and 98.8%(840/850)in those without chronic history.The positive rate was 99.0%(289/292)in 1~20 years old,96.7%(374/386)in 21~40 years old,93.9%(310/330)in 41~60 years old and 90.8%(128/141)in 61~80 years old.The positive rate of exposed site in head,face and trunk was 94.1%(254/270),and the positive rate of exposed site in extremities was 98.9%(869/879).Conclusion:The immune effect of rabies vaccine is closely related to exposure site,age,vaccination history and chronic disease history.