用旧合机不啻己出——弥尔顿《梦亡妻》中的用典

Expressing Oneself Well Enough in Writing with Classical Allusions

典故是语言中的精华,是一个民族历史和文化的浓缩。诗歌的特点是语言精练、含蓄蕴藉,特别是格律诗,受到格律和字数的严格限制,要用有限的字数表达作者思想,常常需要运用典故来传情达意。典故使用得当,可以使诗歌语言简洁,丰富文化蕴涵。弥尔顿在《梦亡妻》中的用典与其人生际遇融合无间,有力地推动了诗歌的情感发展,升华了主题,并使诗歌言简意赅,增强了感染力,堪称是运用典故的典范之作。

Allusion is the essence of language,and closely related to a nation’s history and culture.Simple in form and symbolic in meaning,allusions are widely used in poetry.Allusions,which can make the poems concise and culturally rich,are more often used in metrical patterns as the poets have to express themselves with limited words and iambuses.This paper analyzes Milton’s well-known poem On His Deceased Wife.The allusions used in this poem,which match Milton’s actual situation,provoke the emotions in the poem,exalt the theme of the work,make the poem concise and finally broaden its appeal,are perfect examples in writing.