中国农业经营制度:立场、线索与取向

China’s Agricultural Management System:Position,Clue and Orientation

切实保障农产品供给安全、坚持土地集体所有制、坚持家庭经营的基础性地位,是中国农业经营制度的基本内核。开放和盘活农地经营权,将家庭经营融入分工经济,实现小农户与现代农业发展的有机衔接,“集体所有、家庭承包、分工经营”将成为中国农业经营制度的基本构架。制度安排的未来取向是:(1)从维护土地福利保障转向强化土地财产功能,推进农地制度变革;(2)从倡导农地流转转向鼓励多要素市场互动,促进农业要素市场发育;(3)从农户直接投资转向外包迂回投资,扩展农业生产性服务交易;(4)从纵向分工拓展到横向分工及连片专业化,改善农业生产的组织化;(5)从要素流动转向农户行为的内在激励,强化粮食安全保障;(6)从封闭运行转向开放竞争的自我实施,加快农业经营体制机制的创新。

It is the basic core of China’s agricultural management system to ensure the supply safety of agricultural products,and adhere to the collective ownership of land and the basic status of family management.Opening and revitalizing farmland management rights,integrating family management into the division of labor economy,and achieving an organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture development,“collective ownership,family contracting,and division of labor management”will become the basic framework of China’s agricultural management system.The future orientation of institutional arrangement is taking on new trend in various aspects:(1)From maintaining land welfare security to strengthening land property function,farmland systemreform should be promoted.(2)From advocating the transfer of agricultural land to encouraging the interaction of multi-factor market,the development of agricultural factor market should be promoted.(3)From the direct investment of farmers to the indirect investment of outsourcing,the trade of agricultural productive services should be expanded.(4)From vertical division of labor to horizontal division of labor and continuous specialization,the organization of agricultural production should be improved.(5)From the flow of factors to the internal incentive of farmers’behavior,food security should be strengthened(.6)From closed operation to self-implementation of open competition,the innovation of agricultural management system and mechanism should be accelerated.