大学章程在司法裁判中的法律效力探析

An Analysis of the Legal Validity of Universities’Statutes in Judicial Adjudication

关于大学章程的性质和效力,学界一直争论不休。经对已有判例的梳理总结,发现大学章程多被法院作为证据加以对待。从法理来看,当前大学章程更多偏向于行政规范属性,欠缺裁判规范属性,且其行为规范属性彰显不足。欲提升大学章程的法律效力,当前最适当的方式是从两方面着力:一是借鉴公司法对公司章程的规范力度,强化立法对大学章程的规范密度,同时在内容上将大学章程控制在法律优先和法律保留的合法性范围之内;二是建立大学章程的附带审查制度,实现法院在个案中对大学章程合法性的审查,对于合法的大学章程,作为证据予以采纳,并在裁判文书说明理由部分强化其论证地位,对于不合法的大学章程,则直接不予采纳,并详细说明不予采纳的理由。

The academic community has been arguing about the nature and effectiveness of university statutes.By combing and summarizing the legal precedents,it is found that the university regulations are often treated as evidence by the court.From the perspective of jurisprudence,the current university statutes is more inclined to be the norm of administration,lacking the attribute of norms of decision,and its attribute of conduct norms is insufficient.To improve the legal effectiveness of university statutes,the most appropriate way is to focus on two aspects:The first is to learn from how corporation law regulates company’s articles to strengthen the legislative normative density of university statutes,and at the same time,the content of the university statutes should be controlled within the scope of legal priority and legality reserved by law.The second is to establish an incidental review system for university statutes to enable the court to review the legitimacy of university statutes in specific cases.If the university statute is legal,the court should adopt it as evidence and strengthen its argument in the reasoning section of the adjudication document,if the university statute is not legal,the court should reject it and explain in detail the reasons for rejection.