基于洛伦兹曲线和土地利用转型的喀斯特山区“三生”空间分布研究

A Study on Distribution of Production,Living and Ecological Space in Karst Areas Based on Lorenz Curves and Land Use Transitions

[目的]对贵州省都匀市“三生”空间分布进行研究,为喀斯特山区“三生”空间可持续发展、县域科学开展国土空间规划、生态环境保护提供参考依据。[方法]采用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数及转型模型对都匀市2009—2018年“三生”空间进行综合研究。[结果]①2018年,都匀市“三生”空间现状主要以生态空间为主,生态空间占都匀市国土面积的69.19%,比例较高;其次为生产空间,比例为26.87%;而生活空间则占比相对较小。②2009—2018年间生产空间和生态空间面积呈现出下降趋势,生活空间面积则呈现出增长趋势,从二级空间转移来看,城镇和农村生活空间面积增长来自农业生产空间和林地生态空间,城市建设发展占用部分林地资源和农业资源。③从2009—2018年洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数来看生态空间和生产空间分布相对平均,而生活空间与其他空间相比更远离绝对平均线,下凹程度大,2009—2018年基尼系数均介于0.3~0.4间,生活空间分布基本合理。④从区位熵来看,生态空间优势区域主要为研究区西部地区,生活空间优势区域主要集中在中部地区,生产空间优势区域主要为南部及东部地区。[结论]都匀市“三生”空间分布基本合理,城市以生态空间为主,在今后城市建设中,应在保障生态空间的同时,合理进行城市发展,避免过多占用生态用地。

[Objective]The distribution of production,living and ecological space in Duyun City,Guizhou Province,was studied to provide theoretical guidance for the sustainable development,county-level land planning,and conservation of environment in karst areas.[Methods]Lorenz curves,Gini coefficients,and transition models were used for the comprehensive study of the production,living and ecological space in Duyun City from 2009 to 2018.[Results]①In 2018,ecological space constituted 69.19%of the total area,followed by production space,which accounted for 26.87%of the total,and living space accounting for the smallest percentage,which accounted for 3.94%.②From 2009 to 2018,the areas of production space and the ecological space showed a downward trend,whereas that of living space showed an upward trend.In terms of secondary space transfer,the increased areas of urban and rural living space came from agricultural production space and forest ecological space,and urban development occupied a part of forest land resources and agricultural resources.③In terms of Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients from 2008 to 2019,ecological space and production space were evenly distributed.Whereas,compared with the other two types,the curve of living space diverted farther away from the line of perfect equality,showing a concave curve.Gini coefficients from 2009 to 2018 were between 0.3 and 0.4,and the distribution of living space was basically reasonable.④From the perspective of location entropy,areas with an advantage of ecological space were mainly concentrated in the western part of the study area,areas with an advantage of living space were mainly concentrated in the central part of the study area,and areas with an advantage of production space were mainly concentrated in the southern and eastern part of the study area.[Conclusion]The three types of space were appropriately distributed in Duyun City,with ecological space as the dominant type.Future urban construction should be premised on the preservation of ecological space,with planning for urban development while limiting the use of ecological land.