大学新生入学心理分析及干预对策研究

Psychological Analysis of College Freshmen and Intervention Measures

高考结束后从开始军训到大学学习生活两个月期间内,大学新生的心理变化迅速,本文提出这是一个难得的心理窗口期,适当的心理干预能够帮助此时期的新生更好地适应大学生活。这个窗口期分为两个阶段:第一阶段为高考结束、新生入学至军训结束,这期间应该通过认知评估应激源来帮助新生延续中学获得的有益的习得行为,并将向好动机明确化、具体化从而强化向好动机;第二阶段为军训结束至开始课程学习近一个半月为止,这期间则在于防止新生的味觉—厌恶学习和本能漂移。对于预防味觉—厌恶学习,通过班级小范围的问题探讨,对可能遇到的应激源进行认知评估,以消除可能的隐患;对于预防本能漂移,通过强制的原则和手段,即通过班级学风建设和明确个体的社会和家庭责任感来施加约束。

The psychology of college freshmen changes rapidly during first two months’study and life in college.This paper proposes that this is a rare psychological window period,which can be divided into two phases.During the two phases,different but appropriate psychological intervention measures can be taken respectively to help freshmen better adapt to university life.During phase one starting from the entrance of college to the beginning of military training,measures should be taken to strengthen the positive motivation through cognitive assessment of stressors.During phase two starting from the end of military training until more than one-month study,measures should be focused on prevention of students’taste-aversion to learning and instinct drift.