6Dan Shen( 申丹 ) , Style and Rhetoric of Short Narrative Fiction: Covert Progressions Behind Overt Plots, New York and London: Routledge, 2014.
7Vincent Starrett, "Ambrose Bierce', in Buried Caesars: Essays in Literary Appreciation , Chicago: Covici-McGee Co., 1923, pp. 51 -52.
8Eric Solomon, "The Bitterness of Battle: Ambrose Bierce' s War Fiction", The Midwest Quarterly 4.2 (1964) , p. 155.
9Giorgio Mariani, "Ambrose Bierce' s Civil War Stories and the Critique of the Martial Spirit", Studies in American Fiction 19.2 (1991) , p. 221.
10Roy Morris, Jr. , "'So Many, Many Needless Dead' : The Civil War Witness of Ambrose Bierce" , in Memory and Myth, ed. David B. Sachsman et. al. , West Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue UP, 2007, pp. 122 -123.
