异域封神:越南“神敕”文献中的宋朝杨太后信仰

Apotheosis of Chinese Historical Figures outside China:The Worship of Song-dynasty Queen Mother Yang as Recorded in the“Divine Edicts”of Vietnam

崖山海战之后,杨太后跳海殉国的事迹传入越南,形成以杨太后为核心的南海四位圣娘信仰。越南历代朝廷多次褒封各地乡村的南海四位圣娘神灵,官方认可并推动了该信仰的传播,神敕见证了这一存续多年的文化现象。以杨太后为代表的中国历史人物成为越南乡村信仰的神灵,并得到广泛传播,是中越文化密切交流的体现。

After the naval battle of Yashan,Queen Mother Yang jumped into the sea and died for her country.After the story was introduced to Vietnam,the worship of Four South Sea Goddesses(Nam Hai Tu Vi Thang Nuong)with Queen Mother Yang as the main figure came into being.Over the years,with the Vietnamese courts honoring the four goddesses worshipped in villages,the worship spread throughout Vietnam,as is reflected in the divine edicts(Than Sac).The worship of Queen Mother Yang and the other three goddesses highlights the close cultural exchanges between China and Vietnam.