从家规到国法:论我国家庭教育立法的现实诉求与责任分担

From Family Rules to National Law:On the Realistic Demands and Responsibilities of China's Family Education Legislation

通过国家立法推动家庭教育由"家规"向"国法"转变,既是家庭教育由私人领域向公共领域过渡的实践之需,也是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的内在要求,更是引导地方家庭教育法规出台与完善的顶层支撑。当前,我国家庭教育实践中存在诸多问题,如家庭对现代家庭教育内涵认识不足,缺乏教育知识和能力;政府的家庭教育指导与服务供给有限,部门间协同性有待提升;学校主要以服务学校教育为目的,缺乏家庭教育专业师资和课程;社会力量中社区和非营利组织统筹能力较弱,市场化家庭教育服务良莠不齐。因此,国家层面的家庭教育立法应重点明确家庭、政府、学校与社会的责任分担,坚持家庭履职、政府主导、学校指导、社会参与的基本原则,为家庭教育工作的开展提供系统全面的支撑和保障。

Promoting the transition of family education from"family rules"to"national law"through the form of national legislation is not only a need for the practice of family education to be transformed from the private sector to the public domain,but also an inherent requirement for advancing the modernization of the national governance system and capacity.At the same time,it also guides the introduction of local family education regulations and perfect top-level support.At present,there are many problems in the practice of family education in our country.Families have insufficient understanding of the connotation of modern family education,lack of education knowledge and ability.The government’s family education guidance and service supply are limited,and inter-departmental coordination needs to be improved.Schools mainly serve school education for the purpose and have insufficient professional teachers and courses.The ability of the community and non-profit organizations to coordinate in social forces is weak,and market-oriented services are uneven.In order to provide comprehensive support and guarantees,family education legislation at the national level should focus on clarifying the responsibilities of the family,government,school,and society.Adhere to the principles of family performance,government leadership,school guidance,and social participation.