明代南京“西华门”考

Xihua Gate of Nanjing in Ming

明代南京的皇城,西部外门为西安门,内门为西华门。但明代中期以来,学界多记外门为西华门,现代民间亦称西华门。学界与民间,为何长存与官方条文记载相反的"谬误"?本文梳理明中期以来学界记载的来龙去脉、明代各类叙事对西部外门的称谓,发现明人在官方场合的用语与条文吻合,平时则俗称西华门,并非清代或现代讹改,明代陈沂、现代朱偰皆尊重俗称反致抵牾。明人首先视皇城为内城加瓮城之一体,而非内外两重,遂以皇城西门的传统名目,径称皇城西部外门。南京皇城之内外一体程度强于北京,"西华门"遂沿用不移,甚至导致内部西门一度讹称西安门,已可视为行用更广的本名。

In the royal city of Ming’s Nanjing,the external gate on the west side was Xi’an and the internal gate Xihua. But the names of the two gates were frequently mixed up since the mid-Ming. The present authors finds that,in Ming,Xihua generally referred to as the external gate. This misnomer indicated that in Ming it was generally held that the royal and inner cities were the same.