东海区海岸带景观格局变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

The effects of landscape pattern change on ecosystem services value in the coastal zone of the East China Sea

对大尺度、长时序的海岸带景观格局和生态系统服务价值(ecosystem services value,ESV)的研究,有利于更好地促进区域生态系统保护工作的开展。以1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015年6期遥感影像解译结果为基础,对东海区海岸带景观格局变化特征和ESV时空演变进行了分析,并探讨了ESV与景观格局变化二者间的关系。结果表明,1990-2015年的25 a间,受人类活动的影响,东海区海岸带农田和海域面积大量减少,建设用地面积大幅增加;在所研究的5类地貌类型中,除中起伏山地外,其余地貌类型景观面积转移都较为剧烈。25 a间东海区海岸带斑块数量、斑块密度、边界密度、shannon多样性指数等不断增加,景观破碎化、复杂化、多样化增强。农田景观的最大斑块指数、形态指数、边界密度等变化均较大。东海区海岸带ESV呈先增加后减小的趋势,其中森林景观对ESV总量贡献最大;水文调节、生物多样性维持、气候调节、土壤保持、废物处理和气体调节是东海区海岸带主要的生态系统服务功能;在空间上表现出以单位面积中、低ESV为主导的空间分布,高、极高和极低ESV分布较少。研究区ESV总量与农田和海域以及水域和建设用地面积显著相关;与斑块密度、边界密度和形态指数呈显著负相关。同时,食物生产、气体调节、气候调节、土壤保持和生物多样性维持的服务价值与景观指数间均显著相关。

Conducting relatively large-scale and long-term researches on the landscape pattern and its relation with the ecosystem services value(ESV) is meaningful to better protect the regional ecosystem. Based on the remote sensing images in the six periods of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution of the landscape pattern characteristics and ESV in the coastal zone of the East China Sea, and explores the correlation between ESV and landscape pattern. It is found that from 1990 to 2015, under the influence of human activities, the area of farmland and sea in the coastal zone of the East China Sea has been greatly reduced, while the construction area has greatly increased. Among the five types of landforms studied, except for the middle undulating mountains, the landscape area transfer from one type to the other type is severe. In the past 25 years, the patch number and density, perimeter density and Shannon’s diversity index in the coastal zone of the East China Sea were continuously increasing, leading to further fragmenting, complicating and diversifying of the landscape. The largest patch index, morphology index and perimeter density of the farmland landscape have greatly changed. The total value of ESV in the coastal zone of the East China Sea, which is mostly contributed by the forest landscape increased firstly and decreased lately in the six periods. The ecosystem in the coastal zone of the East China Sea mainly serves the hydrological regulation, biodiversity maintenance, climate and gas adjustment, soil conservation and waste disposal.The spatial differentiation is mainly manifested by the medium and low ESV area, with less high and very high areas as well as very low areas. The services value of the researched areas is significantly correlated with the area of farmland,sea, water and construction land, and it is significantly negatively correlated with patch density, perimeter density and morphology index. Meanwhile, the landscape index is significantly correlated with the service value of food production,gas and climate adjustment, soil conservation and biodiversity maintenance.