食品中化学污染物风险评估方法研究进展

Review on the risk assessment methods for chemical pollutants in food

食品安全风险评估是指对食品或食品添加剂中的生物性、化学性和物理性危害对人体健康的影响进行的科学评估,是加强食品安全和保障人群健康的重要途径。近年来,由于食品种类增多、化学添加剂使用日益广泛,食品中化学污染物问题越来越受重视。我国的膳食模式和食品加工方式较为复杂,食品安全风险评估系统建设较其他发达国家晚,本文对国内外食品中化学污染物风险评估常用的点评估法、简单分布法、概率评估法、食品安全指数法和累积风险评估法等进行综述,为构建适用于我国的食品中化学污染物风险评估模型,促进食品安全风险评估工作提供依据。

Food safety assessment refers to the assessment of the impacts of biological,chemical and physical hazards in food or food additives on health,which is an important way to improve food safety and protect people’s health.Recent years have seen varieties of food and chemical additives,and more attention has been paid to the chemical pollutants in food.Our dietary pattern and food processing methods are more complex,and the construction of food risk assessment system is later than other developed countries.This paper reviews the common risk assessment methods of chemical pollutants in food,such as point assessment,simple distribution method,probabilistic model and cumulative risk assessment,so as to provide basis for building risk assessment models for chemical pollutants in food and promoting food safety assessment in China.