关系叠加视角下的家支制政治形态——以传统彝族家支社会调查为基点

The Political Form of Family Lineage System from the Perspective of Relationship Superposition——Based on the Traditional Social Survey of Family Lineage of the Yi Nationality

民主改革以前,彝族社会在缺失国家直接统治的状态下,长期通过家支的方式来组织奴隶社会,由此产生家支制度。在关系叠加视角下,彝族的家支社会既存在基于财产关系对立而产生的奴隶制,又因血缘家族关系的延续与放大而缓和着对立关系,形成等级分化基础上的家支共同体,从而形塑着家支内部既对立又统一、既相互分离又双向依赖的双重性政治形态。家支作为一个独立的行动单位,通过双向的家支权力结构、双重的头人权威来源以及互依型的权力义务关系,建构出稳固的等级身份制度,成为彝族社会公共权力与统治秩序的稳固基础。直至民主改革后,这种双重性的政治形态才因外部性国家力量的逐步介入而发生根本变化。

Before democratic reform, with the absence of the direct state governance, the Yi people organized the slavesociety by family lineage system instead of class for a long time, and thus the lineage system came into being. Fromthe perspective of superposition, the lineage of the Yi society,on the one hand, brought forth the slavery based on theopposites of property relation. On the other hand, the lineage system community based on class differentiation cameinto existence because the continuation and amplification of family lineage relations could alleviate the tension. Thusthe family lineage system has been characterized by the dual political ideology which is opposite and unified, as wellas independent and interdependent on each other. The family lineage system, as an independent unit, has constructeda stable hierarchical identity system through the bidirectional power structure of the lineage system, the dual headmanauthority source and the interdependent power and obligation relationship. It has become the solid foundation of publicpower and ruling order in the Yi society. It was not until the democratic reform was carried out that the dual politicalpattern changed fundamentally due to the intervention of external state forces.