提升抗逆力:乡村振兴进程中农民生计系统“风险-脆弱性”应对策略研究

Increase Resilience: a Study on the Coping Strategies of “Risk-vulnerability” of Farmers’ Livelihood Systems in the Process of Rural Revitalization

脱贫攻坚战略和乡村振兴战略是中国社会主义现代化建设不同阶段实施的两大战略任务,脱贫攻坚解决了贫困人口的基本需求问题,但农村生计系统中深层的风险脆弱性问题仍然存在,乡村振兴正是巩固脱贫攻坚成果的一个有效战略,乡村振兴战略的重要任务之一是应对农民生计系统的风险与脆弱性。风险与脆弱性是农村生计系统中相互关联程度很高的一对概念,通过对这两个概念进行整合,构建农村相对贫困群体生计系统“风险-脆弱性”整合性分析框架,可以从不同维度和不同层次单元分析嵌入中国乡村生计系统中的“风险-脆弱性”的各种表现,并从建立风险意识、加强预警预报、提高抗逆保护、提升农户生计能力和开展救助保障等方面提出立体式、全过程农民生计抗逆力提升的应对措施和政策建议。

The strategies of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization are two strategic tasks implemented on differentstages of the socialist modernization in China. Poverty alleviation has solved the problem of the basic needs of povertystrickenpopulation, but the problems of deeper risks and vulnerabilities in the rural livelihood system still exist. Ruralrevitalization is an effective strategy for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and one of its importanttasks is to deal with the risks and vulnerabilities of farmers’ livelihood systems. Risk and vulnerability are a pairof highly interconnected concepts in rural livelihood systems. This paper integrates the two concepts, constructs anintegrated analysis framework for the “risk-vulnerabilities” of the livelihood system of the relatively needy ruralcommunities, and analyzes various manifestations of “risk-vulnerabilities” embedded in the rural livelihood systemof China from different dimensions and different levels. Then the paper puts forward three-dimensional and wholeprocessmeasurements and policy suggestions for improving the resilience of livelihoods of farmers by establishingrisk awareness, strengthening early warning and forecasting, improving resilience protection, improving farmers’livelihood capacity, and guaranteeing rescue measures.