寄主植物根浸提液对肉苁蓉种子萌发及吸器形成的影响

Effects of root extract of host plants on seed germination and haustorium formation of Cistanche deserticola

利用滤纸培养皿法研究藜科植物梭梭和甜菜根水浸提和乙醇浸提两种浸提液对肉苁蓉种子萌发和吸器形成的影响。结果表明:水和乙醇浸提的根浸提液对肉苁蓉种子萌发和吸器形成无明显作用;两种根醇浸提液添加10 mg·kg^-1赤霉素(GA3)处理的肉苁蓉种子萌发率均提高了10倍以上,但与只加赤霉素处理组(GA3对照)无显著差异。在根浸提液中添加1 mg·kg^-1氟啶酮(FL)处理的肉苁蓉种子萌发率与FL对照组无显著差异,其中甜菜根水浸提液处理组肉苁蓉种子萌发率最高,达39.4%。与根浸提液中添加赤霉素处理仅能使萌发率提高不同,寄主根浸提液中添加FL后,萌发肉苁蓉种子芽管上均有吸器形成,梭梭根醇浸提处理的吸器形成率最高,达16.2%。梭梭根醇浸提液中同时添加GA3和FL,肉苁蓉种子萌发率可提高到52.3%,但吸器形成率与浸提液中添加FL处理无差异;FL对照仅有6.7%的萌发肉苁蓉种子形成吸器,显著低于梭梭根醇浸提液添加FL处理组。不同处理的肉苁蓉种子吸器形成位置和形态有差异,添加寄主根浸提液处理的吸器大多出现在芽管顶端,多个乳头状凸起成爪状;未添加寄主根浸提液的FL对照组吸器出现位置大多在芽管底部或顶端出现分叉。研究证明,乙醇浸提和水浸提两种方式都能从寄主根中提取出促进肉苁蓉种子吸器形成的物质但对促进种子萌发作用不明显;GA3和FL可显著提高肉苁蓉种子的萌发率,但萌发肉苁蓉种子吸器的形成受寄主根浸提液中某些物质的影响。

We examined the effects of root extracts of Haloxylon ammodendron and Beta vulgaris in Chenopodiaceae extracted by water and ethanol on seed germination and haustorium formation of Cistanche deserticola by filter paper culture dish method.The results showed that only adding root extract had no effect on seed germination and haustorium formation of C.deserticola.The germination rate of C.deserticola seeds treated by adding 10 mg·kg^-1 gibberellin to the root extracted by ethanol was not significantly different from that of the control(GA3),whereas those treated by adding gibberellin to the ethanol extract of two kinds of host root was increased by more than 10 times.The germination rate of C.deserticola seeds in the treatment with adding 1 mg·kg^-1 fluridone(FL)to root extract was not significantly different from that in the control with only fluridone,while those in the treatment with B.vulgaris root water extraction was the highest(39.4%).Compared to the treatment of adding gibberellin to the root extract,the germination rate of C.deserticola seeds was only increased.When FL was added to the host root extract,the haustorium was formed on the germination tube,with the formation rate of the ethanol extraction group being the highest(16.2%).Seed germination rate of C.deserticola increased to 52.3%when GA3 and FL were added to the ethanol extract of H.ammodendron,but the formation rate of haustorium was not different from that of FL treatment.Only 6.7%of the seed formation haustorium in the control was significantly lower than that in FL treatment.There were differences in the position and shape of the haustorium of C.deserticola seeds under different treatments.The haustorium produced by adding the extract of the host root mostly appeared at the top of the bud tube,and many papillae raised into claws.The haustorium of FL treatment without adding the extract of the host root mostly appeared at the bottom or the top of the bud tube splitting.The results indicated that ethanol extraction and water extraction could extract the substances that could promote the formation of C.deserticola seeds haustorium from the host root,but did not affect seed germination.GA3 and FL could significantly improve the germination rate of C.deserticola seeds,but the formation of the haustorium was affected by some substances in the host root extract.