施用生物炭对土壤动物群落的影响研究进展

Research progress on the effects of biochar application on soil fauna community

土壤动物是土壤生物群落不可或缺的组成部分,是调控土壤生态过程重要的生物驱动因子。探明向土壤中施加生物炭对土壤动物群落的影响及二者之间的相互关系,对深刻认识土壤生态系统的运行机制、评价土壤生态服务功能具有重要意义。本文综述了施用生物炭对土壤动物群落的影响及机制,包括生物炭原料、制备温度、施用量的差异对土壤动物群落造成的直接影响,及以生物介导(改变植物生理特性、提高微生物数量)和非生物介导(土壤理化性质的改变)环境条件的改变对土壤动物群落造成的间接影响。低量生物炭添加下(生物炭与土壤质量比<5%),对土壤动物的生长繁殖和行为活动起促进作用,若施炭量过高(>10%),则会产生毒害;土壤动物的行为活动也会影响生物炭的稳定性。未来应该加强长期田间定位、时空变异性、多学科交融和分析预测等方面的研究。

Soil fauna is an indispensable component of soil biotic communities and an important biological driver controlling soil ecological processes.Exploring the effect of biochar on soil fauna community and their relationship,is of great significance to understand the ecological process and services of soil ecosystem.We reviewed the changes and possible mechanisms of soil fauna community to biochar application.The effect of biochar application on soil fauna was caused directly by the difference of raw material,carbonization temperature,and application amount,and indirectly by the changes of biotic factor,including changes of plant physiological characters and microbe biomass,and changes of abiotic parameters(e.g.soil physiochemical characters).The growth,reproduction and behavior of soil fauna could be promoted under low amount of biochar application(mass ratio<5%).In contrast,toxicity effect occurred with a heavy application(>10%).Meanwhile,activities of soil fauna would affect the stability of biochar,and its ecological and environmental role.A road map for future researches about biochar and soil fauna interaction must focus on long-term field studies,spatial and temporal variation,merge of multi-discipline,and comprehensive analysis and prediction.