科学争议之嬗变:中日“沙尘”历史纷争研究

Scientific Controversy in History:The Disputes between China and Japan Over Sandstorms

通过分析日本历史文献,认为中日"沙尘"之历史纠葛是由多种因素纠缠而成的复合型科学与社会问题。基于将长期模糊的"霾"与"沙尘"历史资料的不确定性进行甄别与区隔,纠正日本所谓古代"霾"天气是一种"来自中国大陆的历史性灾害"之错误印象。通过揭示该灾害天气的历史文献记录在日本的稀缺,证明"沙尘"并非该国古代重要灾害性天气。近代气象科技进入日本后,东亚"沙尘"天气与中国大陆之间正式实现挂钩。而未来的新一轮东亚沙尘活动活跃期以及两国关系转冷引发的政治对立与话语挑衅,使得这一纷争逐步激化。通过梳理两国官方与学界近年来化解中日"沙尘"纷争的努力,可知该问题的解决之道还在于舆论喧嚣之外的务实治理举措。

The Sino-Japanese"sandstorm"debate is a complex issue.By analyzing the uncertainty of the long-term ambiguity of"smog"and"sandstorm"in Japanese historical data,this paper clarifies Japan’s false historical impression that"smog was a natural disaster from Chinese mainland".The scarcity of relevant historical records proves that"sandstorm"was not an ancient major disastrous weather in Japan.After modern meteorological technology was introduced into Japan,"sandstorm"in East Asia began to be disconnected with Chinese mainland.The historical gradual intensification of this dispute between China and Japan and its 100-year history shows that the solution to the dispute lies in pragmatic measures of governance.