银杏内酯的研究进展

Research Progress of Ginkgolide

银杏内酯是从裸子类植物银杏中提取的化合物,属于二萜类内酯,主要分为银杏内酯A、B、C、J、K、L和M(ginkgolide A,B,C,J,K,L,M)及属于倍半萜内酯的白果内酯(bilobalide,BB),具有拮抗血小板活化因子受体的功能。其中银杏内酯B(ginkgolide B,GB)是生理活性最强的。目前银杏内酯主要从银杏叶和根的提取,少量可由生物合成提供。因其丰富的药理作用和微弱的副作用而被广泛用于抗氧化、保护心脑血管系统、保护神经系统等方面。近年来在治疗癌症方面的研究也取得了重大进展,发现银杏内酯可以抑制多种肿瘤,有望将其大量运用于癌症治疗。

Ginkgolide is a compound extracted from the gymnosperm ginkgo,belonging to the diterpene lactone,mainly divided into ginkgolides A,B,C,J,K,L and M(ginkgolide A,B,C,J,K,L,M)and bilobalide(BB),which is a sesquiterpene lactone,has the function of antagonizing the Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor(PAFR).Among them,ginkgolide B(ginkgolide B,GB)is the most physiologically active.At present,ginkgolide mainly derived from the extraction of ginkgo leaves and roots,and a small amount can provided by biosynthesis.It is widely used for anti-oxidation,protection of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems,and protection of the nervous system due to its rich pharmacological effects and weak side effects.In recent years,significant progress has made in the study of cancer treatment,and it found that ginkgolides can inhibit a variety of tumors and it expected to use in the treatment of cancer.