国际成人技能调查发展动态、启示及反思

Development Trends, Enlightenments and Reflection of International Adult Skills Investigation

新时期的劳动力市场处于激烈变化之中,为使劳动者技能与劳动力市场相匹配,许多国际组织对成人技能做了调查研究。基于对OECD、UNESCO和世界银行关于成人技能评估调查的比较,发现国际成人技能评估发展动态呈现如下特点:在评估的出发点上注重技能的实际使用、在技能的选取上关注成人的一般性技能、在评估的落脚点上关注技能与人力资本的关系、在评估的新发展上强调技能与科技的融合。国际成人技能调查对我国成人教育的启示是:在成人学习内容上加强可转移性技能的学习、在成人学习方式上注重ICT在教育中的应用、在成人学习成果上关注技能的时间变迁、在成人学习供给上注重与市场需求相匹配。同时,国际成人技能评测也存在弊端,如过分强调市场属性、不具包容性以及可能导致教育鸿沟,因此应该批判性看待这些调查。

In the new era, the labor market is undergoing drastic changes. In order to match the skills of workers with the labor market, many international organizations have made investigations on adult skills. Comparative studies on the international adult skills assessment of the OECD, UNESCO and the World Bank show that, the international adult skills assessment has the following features: the starting point of the assessment pays more attention to the actual use of skills, the skills selection focuses on the general skills of adults, the outcome emphasizes the relationship with human capital and they add the integration of skills and technology. China’s adult education can learn from experience of international adult skills investigations in the following aspects: strengthen the learning of transferable skills, pay attention to the use of ICT in education, focus on the time changing of skills, try to achieve matching with market demand. However, there are also disadvantages in international adult skills surveys, such as over emphasis on market attributes, lack of inclusiveness and possible educational gap, which should be viewed critically.