上海超低能耗办公建筑围护结构技术研究与实践

Research and practice on envelope technology of ultra-low energy consumption office buildings in Shanghai

建筑围护结构性能提升是降低空调供暖负荷的重要路径,上海处于夏热冬冷地区,以夏季空调为主、兼顾冬季供暖,围护结构应同时考虑保温和散热。采用正交试验的优化方法实现了在较少模拟次数下完成全工况模拟的效果。研究得到了不同围护结构关键指标对建筑负荷的敏感性及重要性排序,确定了建筑全年冷/热/总负荷随围护结构性能参数水平的变化趋势,建立了适宜上海气候和用能特征的超低能耗办公建筑指标体系。将该技术体系应用于上海某新建办公建筑并采用高性能多联机系统,冬夏季及过渡季的热舒适和能耗实测结果表明,建筑室内满足热舒适需求,供暖空调耗电量为17.99 kW·h/m^2,显著低于上海办公建筑平均电耗,为夏热冬冷地区超低能耗建筑技术体系建立提供了支撑。

Improving the building envelope performance is an important way to reduce the load of heating and air conditioning. Shanghai is located in hot summer and cold winter zone, where has high summer air conditioning and winter heating demand. The envelope should consider thermal insulation and heat dissipation. Adopts the optimization method of orthogonal analysis to achieve the effect of full working condition simulation with less simulation times. Obtains the sensitivity and sequence of different enclosure parameters to the building load. Determines the changing trend of the building’s annual cooling/heating/total load with the envelope performance parameters. Establishes an ultra-low energy consumption office building index system suitable for Shanghai’s climate and energy characteristics. Applies the technology system to a newly built office building in Shanghai, and adopts a high-performance multi-connected system. The measured results of indoor thermal comfort and energy consumption in winter and summer and the transition season show that the indoor thermal comfort meets the requirements, and the power consumption of heating and air conditioning is 17.99 kWh/m^2, significantly lower than the average power consumption of Shanghai office buildings, which provides support for the establishment of an ultra-low energy consumption building technology system in hot summer and cold winter zone.