行为经济学视野中三高食品的法律规制

Study on HFSS Food Regulation from the Perspective of Behavioral Economics

三高食品过度摄入导致的肥胖及相关疾病不仅对个人健康带来损害,还造成巨大的社会成本,因此,世界各国对三高食品进行了多种形式的规制。我国目前并没有较为清晰的规制三高食品的立法构想,更没有较为系统的制度体系,积极性的规制举措缺乏,一些制度出现在规划、计划中,不仅强制力弱,且缺乏整体协调与全盘考虑。人类对高能量食品偏好有其进化原因以及相应的神经基础,对此缺乏认识而仅从消费者理性不足的角度解决高能量食品的过度摄入问题,会导致规制的失当与不足。只有对三高食品消耗中的心理和神经基础及由此而形成的行为市场失灵有准确认识,才能对三高食品的恰当规制作出正确判断,并在食品营养标签、三高食品广告、针对特定三高食品的税收以及限制三高食品的可获得性等方面引入或改变相关制度,从而为健康中国的实现提供具体的制度支持。

The obesity and related diseases caused by excessive intake of HFSS food not only bring harm to personal health,but also cause huge social costs.Therefore,countries around the world have made various laws and regulations on HFSS food.Currently in China,there is no clear system of regulations for the HFSS food,some intentions of regulations were contained in national plans,which are lack of enforcement capability and overall planning.The human preference for high-calorie food has its evolutionary origin and corresponding neural basis.The cognition that overeating HFSS food is mainly driven by limited rationality of consumers is incorrect,and this cognition will lead to improper and inadequate regulation on HFSS food.In order to solve this problem,we need to have an accurate understanding about the psychological and neural basis of the consumption behavior for the HFSS food,as well as the behavioral market failure brought by it,and introduce or change regulations about food nutrition labels,HFSS food advertisements,taxes for specific HFSS food and restrictions on the availability of the HFSS food,so as to create a concrete systemic support for the realization of Healthy China.