声隐身超材料发展综述

Prospects of acoustic metamaterials for acoustic stealth

随着声呐技术逐步实现低频探测等特点,声隐身技术的发展面临巨大挑战。声学超材料是一类具备超常物理特性的人工复合材料,可以实现小尺寸结构对大波长(低频)声波传播的抑制。从减隔振、吸隔声以及声目标强度3个方面分析声学超材料的特性,探讨声学超材料用于水下航行器声隐身的前景。与传统材料相比,声学超材料在降低水下航行器低频辐射噪声,牵引新型声隐身技术的发展方面有着广阔的应用前景。

With the gradual realization of low frequency detection and other characteristics of sonar technology,the development of stealth technology is facing great challenges.Acoustic metamaterials are a new type of artificial composite materials with supernormal physical properties,which can suppress the propagation of large wavelength(low frequency)acoustic waves with a small size structure,providing a new path for acoustic stealth technology.In this paper,the working mechanism of acoustic metamaterials was analyzed from three aspects of vibration reduction and isolation,sound absorption and isolation,and reduction of acoustic target strength.And the prospect of acoustic metamaterials for acoustic stealth technology of underwater vehicles was also discussed.Compared with traditional materials,acoustic metamaterials have broad prospects in reducing low-frequency radiated noise of underwater vehicles and guiding the development of new acoustic stealth technology.