车路协同下HMI对跟驰行为与视觉特性的影响

Influences of HMI on Car Following Behaviors and Visual Characteristics in Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System

为研究车路协同系统对驾驶员跟驰行为和视觉特性的影响,基于驾驶模拟器搭建高速公路场景和车路协同环境,针对常规状态和意外事件这2种情况,采集跟驰过程中的驾驶行为数据和驾驶员眼动数据,对比分析了有HMI和无HMI这2种情况下的车头间距、车头时距、加速踏板深度、平均制动次数及驾驶员在每个区域的注视时长和扫视频率等行为变量。分析结果表明,常规状态的跟驰过程中,设置HMI车辆的车头间距和车头时距分别增大12.91%和23.70%,加速踏板使用幅度及制动踏板平均使用次数分别降低7.55%和10.14%,设置HMI可使驾驶员注视车辆前方区域的时长减少,在HMI区域的注视时长占总时长的6.18%,而扫视频率没有明显变化;在意外事件的跟驰过程中,HMI的预警对速度和车头时距产生显著性影响,使方向盘转角和加速度方差变化幅度减小,且在保证安全距离的前提下,通过不停地扫视以获取换道时机。

In order to study the influence of car following behavior and visual characteristics under the condition of the Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System,a highway scenario and Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System are constructed based on a driving simulator and data of driving behaviors and eye movements is collected under following state for two types of situations:regular conditions and accidents.. Behavioral variables,including space headway,time headway,depth of accelerator pedal,average braking times,fixation time of drivers,and saccade frequency are compared and analyzed with and without the HMI. The results show that during the regular condition of following,the space headway and the time headway increase by12.91%and23.70%,respectively. The usage amplitude of accelerator pedal and the average usage of brake pedal decrease by7.55%and10.14%,respectively. The setting of HMI under the Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System can reduce the time for drivers to gaze at the area in front of the vehicle. The time to gaze at the area of HMI accounted for6.18%of the total time. The saccade frequency does not change significantly. In following process of unexpected emergencies,the warning of HMI has a significant impact on speed and time headway,which can reduce variation amplitude of steering wheel angle and acceleration variance,and allowing constant sweeping for lane change timing while maintaining a safe distance.