组合式形名结构词长搭配量化研究

A Quantitative Study of Word-Length Preferences in Chinese“A de N”Nominals

基于语料库的形名结构研究成果存在不平衡现象,黏合式多,所以黏合式便得到了学界的广泛关注,但组合式却尚未论及。本文基于兰卡斯特语料库,针对形名组合结构词长搭配情况的统计发现,不同词长搭配的组合式形名结构数量从多到少为:2+2>1+2>2+1>1+1。2+2式最多,1+1式几乎没有。同一语料库黏合式从多到少为:1+1>2+2>1+2>2+1。研究还发现,不同词长搭配的形名结构有的偏好黏合式,有的偏好组合式。2+2式偏好组合式,2+1式次之,1+2式偏好黏合式,1+1式几乎都是黏合式。本文统计部分证实吕叔湘(1963)的说法,并提供了量化证据,同时也更新了部分认识,比如,1+2式形名结构组合式黏合式都不少,与"一般都没有‘的’"不完全相符。

With regard to word-length preferences in corpus-based data,there have been studies on"AN"nominals in Chinese,but no yet on"A de N"nominals.We offer a study that fills the gap,using the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese.It is found that the frequency ranking is 2+2>1+2>2+1>1+1,with 2+2 being the most frequent and 1+1 barely found.The result differs from the frequency ranking of"AN"nominals in the same corpus,which is 1+1>2+2>1+2>2+1.From each length pattern,some prefer"A de N"and some prefer"AN".2+2 nominals have far more"A de N"than"AN",followed by 2+1 nominals.In contrast,1+1 nominals are mostly"AN"and hardly any"A de N".Our findings offer quantitative evidence for some observations of Lü(1963)while shedding new light on some other points.For example,both"A de N"and"AN"are frequent for 1+2 nominals,contrary to the view that 1+2 nominals are mostly"A de N".