语用推理与极性程度义的获得——以构式“V过A的,没V过这么A的”为例

Pragmatic Inference and the Acquirement of Degree of Polarity——Take“V guo A de,mei V guo zheme A de”as An Example

"V过A的,没V过这么A的"是主观相对极量构式,构式义是在发话人过往亲身经历形成的认知集合中,经由比较,推理出该集合中当下认知为量级最高的那一项。构式的形成经历了从表达转折关系的、形义关系透明的可推导的语法构式,发展为表达极量程度的、形义关系不透明的具有习用化特征的修辞构式。程度上的梯级特征反映了心智上的图式特征。汉语中多个极量程度构式都遵循否定比较级发展为最高级这一语用推理,汉语与英语表现出一致性。

"V guo A de,mei V guo zheme A de"is a construction expressing subjective relative extreme.By comparison,its meaning is to infer that the current cognition in the set is the highest item in the cognitive set formed by the speaker’s personal experience.The formation has gone through from a transparent and deducable grammatical construction that expresses the transitional relationship to a opaque rhetorical construction with idiom characteristics that expresses the extreme degree.The scalar characteristics of the degree reflects the schema characteristics of the mind.Many extreme degree constructions in Chinese follow the pragmatic inference of negates comparative develop to the highest.