生计资本与农户生计策略转换——基于浙江开化国家公园的调查

Livelihood capital and the transformation of farmers'livelihood strategies:Based on the survey of Zhejiang Kaihua National Park

国家公园的可持续发展需要关注居民生计的可持续性。抽样调查浙江开化国家公园古田山自然区居民,分析农户的生计策略及其转化效果,运用生计资本评估体系测度保护区居民生计资本状况,采用Logistics回归与多元回归模型检验生计资本对生计策略及其转移的影响。结果表明,物质与人力资本的提升会促使纯农型农户向非农型与兼农型转换,自然资本使其更偏向兼农型;物质、人力、金融与自然资本的提升会促进农户收入来源的多样化,而物质、人力、社会、自然的提升会加强农户家庭成员的职业多样化。因此,要转化保护区生计策略,需要在基础设施、教育培训、生态补偿等方面加大投入。

The sustainable development of national parks requires attention to the sustainability of residents’livelihoods.A sample survey was conducted on the residents of Gutian Mountain Natural Zone in Kaihua National Park,Zhejiang Province,and the livelihood strategies of farmers and their conversion effects were analyzed.The livelihood capital assessment system is used to measure the livelihood capital status of residents in protected areas,and logistics regression and multiple regression models are used to test the impact of livelihood capital on livelihood strategies and their transfer.The results show that the improvement of material and human capital will promote the conversion of pure agricultural farmers to non-agricultural and integrated agriculture,and natural capital will make them more inclined to integrated agriculture.The improvement of material,human,financial and natural capital will promote the diversification of farmers'income sources.The improvement of material,manpower,society,and nature will strengthen the career diversification of farmers'family members.Therefore,to transform the livelihood strategies of protected areas,it is necessary to increase investment in infrastructure,education and training,and ecological compensation.