古汉诗英译中的认知性辞格——以王昌龄《出塞》为例

Cognitive Figures of Speech in the English Translation of Ancient Chinese Poetry——With Wang Changling's Chu Sai as A Case

修辞与翻译之间的关系非常紧密,在古汉诗英译这一领域,对于修辞格的翻译尤为重要。然而,修辞视角的古汉诗英译研究存在研究对象分散、研究成果难以推广等问题。在汉语修辞学领域,新近出现了一种认知性辞格理论,该理论对于认知性辞格的翻译具有重要参考意义。不过,针对古汉诗英译,还需对该理论进行适应性的研究,并建立合适的评价原则。以王昌龄的《出塞》为例,对其原文和三个经典英译本进行了基于认知性辞格理论的分析。在此基础上,对该理论进行了一些增补,指出在古汉诗的象征辞格语言结构中,一些可能特征不会出现在文本之中,而是存在于文化语境中。此外还整理了适用于古汉诗英译的评价体系,指出对于认知性辞格的翻译,可以从相对原诗的语义跨度变化和译文的可接受性两个方面进行评价。

The relationship between rhetoric and translation is very close.The translation of figure of speech is particularly important in the field of translation of ancient Chinese poetry into English.However,the research on the English translation of ancient Chinese poetry from the rhetorical perspective has some problems,such as scattered objects of study,difficulties in popularizing research results,and so on.In the field of Chinese rhetoric,a theory of the cognitive figures of speech has recently emerged,which has important reference significance for the translation of cognitive figures of speech.However,for the English translation of classical Chinese poetry,it is necessary to conduct an adaptive study of the theory and establish appropriate evaluation principles.The author takes Wang Changling's Chu Sai as an example,and analyzes the original text and three classic English translations based on the theory of cognitive figures of speech.On this basis,some additions are made to the theory,pointing out that in the symbolic linguistic structure of ancient Chinese poetry,some characteristics may not exist in the text,but exist in the context of culture.Besides,the evaluation system which is applicable to the translation of classical Chinese poetry into English is also sorted out.It is also pointed out that the translation of cognitive figures of speech can be evaluated from two aspects:semantic span change between the translation and the original poem and the acceptability of the translation.