新古典“结构-功能论”:非遗传统民族技艺助力民族地区精准扶贫的经验和启发

Neo-classic Structure-Function Theory:Experiences and Implication from Targeted Poverty Alleviation through Minority People’s Craftsmanship on the Intangible Cultural Heritage List in Minority Areas

将我国非物质文化遗产的生产性保护和扶贫开发有机结合的非遗扶贫形式,是一种因地制宜的积极创新尝试,是一个将中华优秀传统文化在现代社会的结构转型大背景下,进行创造性转化和创新性发展,用于现代社会经济结构下的生产生活,并不断满足人民对美好生活日益增长需求的动态探索过程。民族传统技艺文化作为中华优秀传统文化的一部分,虽然具有其各民族独具的特殊性,但同样也作为中华民族文化的重要组成,存在和其他中华文化相似的一般性。对于发达地区已然验证有效的经验,在民族地区必然存在能够推而广之的可行性。非物质文化遗产在现代社会中表现出的新功能,不但能够在发达地区已经成熟完整的现代产业环境中“锦上添花”,也能够在基础薄弱的民族贫困地区中“雪中送炭”,甚至发挥更大的作用,以新功能形成新结构,带动人民群众脱贫致富,推进当地产业结构的现代转型和成熟发展。本文将进一步运用新古典“结构—功能论”分析框架,对民族地区结合非遗产业化和扶贫工作,分析不同案例中非遗民族文化在现代社会转型中的不同功能、产业成熟程度和对扶贫工作的影响,对于探索多元有效的扶贫开发方式具有重要的现实意义。

It is a new endeavor to combine the productive protection of intangible cultural heritage and the poverty alleviation in China.In the new era the public seeks better livelihood both physically and mentally,and while there are discrepancies in types and degrees of need for different ethnicities,there exists a common desire for improving social and economic development based on traditional culture.As such,the Chinese intangible cultural heritage should be a suitable contribution to the poverty alleviation in minority areas.By means of Neo-classic Structure-Function Theory,this paper analyzes the industrialization of minority people’s craftsmanship on the intangible cultural heritage list.It is hoped that experiences and implications so gained can be of more usefulness in the coming work of the public’s livelihood improvement.