美国对太平洋岛国援助现状及政策分析(2009—2019年)

U.S. Aid to the Pacific Island Countries: the Current State of Affairs and U.S. Policy

一直以来,美国对外援助作为实现其国家安全战略目标的有效手段,为服务美国国家利益和维持美国主导的国际秩序发挥着至关重要的作用。2009—2019年,奥巴马政府和特朗普政府相继在"亚太再平衡"战略和"印太"战略的驱动下,在资金规模、地缘分布、援助领域、执行机构等方面加强对外援助的"工具化"效用。随着美国亚太政策的调整,太平洋岛国在美国对外政策中的战略地位和价值显著提升。美国对太平洋岛国援助不仅是维护其地区安全利益、推进外交政策的工具,更是在重要的地缘战略节点与中国进行"大国博弈"、制衡"一带一路"的抓手。深入研究美国对太平洋岛国援助的规模与内容、特征与趋势,不但为把握美国亚太政策的动向提供直观而丰富的视角,也为高质量推进"一带一路"建设提供有益参考。

As a powerful tool to achieve U.S. national strategic goals, foreign assistance has for a long time played a crucial role in advancing U.S. national interests and maintaining the U.S.-led international order. From 2009 to 2019, under the "Asia-Pacific Rebalance" and "Indo-Pacific" strategies, the Obama and Trump administrations have promoted the instrumentalization of foreign assistance by adjusting fund size, geographical distribution, assistance programs and responsible executive agencies. With the adjustments of U.S. Asia-Pacific policy, the strategic position and value of the Pacific Island countries(PICs) has increased significantly in U.S. foreign policy. U.S. foreign assistance to the PICs is not only an important tool to promote U.S. regional security interests and its foreign policy, but also a critical measure to compete with China in an important strategic node, as a way to balance the "Belt and Road Initiative"(BRI). An analysis of the size, projects, characteristics and trends of U.S. aid to the PICs provides a fresh perspective on changes in U.S. Asia-Pacific policy, but also offers valuable insight that may help to enhance the B&R.