中医视野里的瘟疫与曾巩的救灾实践

The Plague in the Field of View of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zeng Gong's Disaster Relief Practice

本文从中医视野,以东汉、宋朝的史事为重点,论证中医药与灾疫的辩证关系,表彰先贤“有志于民”之举。东汉末大瘟疫的苦痛,引发对人生追求的终极思考。几千年与疾病抗争的磨难,促使医家反复探索病源,不断识别药物,形成辨症施治理念,筛选出疗效明确的验方,贡献出《黄帝内经》《伤寒论》等系列论著,扩大了医药成就,改善了人们健康状况。与此同时,国家和地方官为救治灾疫卓有成效。宋朝设置医疗官署,配备军医,颁行《救荒活民书》。赵抃在越州赈灾治疫勇于担当,事前进行全面调查,措施具体落实,收效明显。曾巩向朝廷提出深思远虑的救灾建议;在越州救灾预防诱发瘟疫,贷给粮种助春耕;在洪州治瘟疫,要各地“皆储药以授病者”,设官舍病房治疗贫苦下层,有“人赖以生”的成效。他俩心忧国计民隐的作为,都有普遍性的参考价值。

From the perspective of Traditional Chinese medicine,focusing on the historical events of the Eastern Han and Song Dynasties,this paper demonstrates the dialectical relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and epidemics,and commending the actions of the ancient sages to"aspire to the people".At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the pain of the great plague led to the ultimate thinking of the pursuit of life.The suffering of thousands of years of fighting against diseases has prompted doctors to repeatedly explore the source of diseases,constantly identify drugs,form the concept of distinguishing and treating diseases,and select prescription with clear curative effect.They have contributed a series of works such as Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》)and Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》),which have expanded medical achievements and improved people's health conditions.At the same time,state and local officials have been effective in treating the epidemic.The Song Dynasty set up medical officers,armed with military doctors,and promulgated the Book of Saving the Suffering and Living people.Zhao Bian had the courage to take responsibility for disaster relief and epidemic prevention in Yuezhou.He carried out a comprehensive investigation beforehand and implemented the measures with obvious effects.Zeng Gong(曾巩)put forward thoughtful Suggestions to the court for disaster relief;In Yuezhou disaster relief to prevent the outbreak of plague,loan to grain to help spring plowing;To cure the plague in Hongzhou,all localities should store medicine for the patients,and set up wards in official houses to treat the poor and lower classes,so that"people can live on".They are concerned about the country and people hidden as a universal reference value.