瑞士法框架下体育仲裁“裁决修正”探讨

Revision of Sports Arbitration in Framework of Swiss Law

瑞士联邦最高法院将裁决修正适用于国际仲裁的先例,使得这一原本属于瑞士国内法上的救济手段可以适用于国际仲裁中,体育纠纷大多属于国际仲裁的范畴。结合孙杨案件,对瑞士法框架下的体育仲裁“裁决修正”进行了探讨。研究认为,在瑞士法院的司法实践中,仲裁程序涉及刑事犯罪或裁决作出后发现新的民事证据,当事人均可申请瑞士联邦最高法院或其他各州地区法院修正仲裁裁决。刑事犯罪由于具备较强的司法公信力,容易在“裁决修正”中受到法院青睐,应当坚持刑事证据优先的原则。针对发现新的民事证据,需要满足时限条件、勤勉义务、重大影响和法律利益四项条件;同时排除一些禁止性规定才可能得到法院的支持。孙杨案件若以裁决修正理由继续上诉,获得胜诉判决的可能性基本为零。

As means of relief for Swiss domestic judgments or arbitral awards,revision rules have been used in international arbitration since a precedent in 1992 made by Swiss Federal Tribunal.Most of the sports arbitrations are included in international arbitration.In the judicial practice of Swiss courts,a party may request the court that has jurisdiction when significant facts or decisive evidence that have not have been submitted in the earlier proceedings are discovered,or criminal proceedings have established that the arbitral award is influenced to the detriment of the party concerned by a felony or mis-demeanor,even if no one is convicted by a criminal court.Due to the judicial credibility of criminal proofs,it is better for the applicants to adhere to the principle of preference for criminal evidence.New civil evidences should satisfy conditions as follows:timing condition;duty of diligence;significant influence;legal interest.Meanwhile,general prohibitive provisions should be eliminated.With the fundamental theory of revision,a conjecture can be seen that the possibility that Swiss Federal Tribunal would revoke CAS award of Sun Yang Case is approximately zero.