新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生居家体育锻炼行为与促进研究

Behavior and Promotion of College Students'Home-based Physical Exercise during Covid-19 Pandemic

居家体育锻炼作为全民健身和终身体育的重要形式,是新冠肺炎疫情期间和特殊天气条件下大众的主要锻炼方式。通过对新冠肺炎疫情期间47所高校4416名大学生居家体育锻炼情况的调查,分析了疫情期间大学生居家体育锻炼的行为,结果显示:(1)82.98%的大学生达不到每天锻炼一小时的标准,男生居家体育锻炼频率、强度、时长均显著高于女生,受疫情影响严重的华中地区大学生居家体育锻炼频率和时长均最低,力量练习、跑步、跳绳是大学生主要的居家体育锻炼项目;(2)大学生居家体育锻炼认知与行为之间存在正向相关关系,但知行不一的现象仍普遍存在;(3)内部动机是大学生居家体育锻炼的主要动机,外在因素是阻碍大学生居家体育锻炼的主要因素,学校体育教学、网络媒体、运动APP和公众号是大学生居家体育锻炼认知的主要途径,基于网络课堂的居家体育学习方式中,通过教学视频进行学习的效果最好,网络直播效果最差;(4)父母与子女间的居家体育锻炼行为具有较强的代际互动关系。建议建立基于网络平台的家校社联动机制,促进大学生居家体育锻炼可持续发展。

Home-based physical exercise is a major form of national fitness and lifelong sports,it is the main exercise mode for the public during the Novel Corona-virus Pneumonia outbreak and special weather conditions.Based on the investigation of 4416 college students'home-based physical exercise in 47 universities during the period of Novel Corona-virus Pneumonia,this paper analyzed the behavior of college students'home-based physical exercise during the epidemic period:1)82.98% of the students failed to exercise one hour a day,the frequency,intensity and duration of home-based physical exercise for boys were significantly higher than those of the girls.The frequency and duration of home-based physical exercise of the college students in Central China seriously affected by the epidemic were the lowest.Strength exercise,running and rope skipping were the main home-based physical exercise forms of the college students.There was a positive correlation between the college students'cognition and behavior of home-based physical exercise,but the phenomenon of different cognition and behavior still existed.Intrinsic motivation was the main motivations for the college students'home-based physical exercise,external factors were the main factors affecting their home-based physical exercise.School physical education,internet,sports APP and official account were the main ways for them to acquire knowledge and skills of home-based physical exercise.Among the home-based physical activities based on network classroom,the effect of learning through teaching video was the best,and the effect of live network was the worst.There was a strong intergenerational interaction between parents and children's home-based physical exercise behaviors.It was suggested that a family school society linkage mechanism should be based on the network platform to promote the sustainable development of the college students'home-based physical exercise.