苹果新型高效蓄冷剂特性及应用效果研究

Study on Characteristics and Application Effect of Apple’s New High Efficiency Cold Storage Agent

针对冰蓄冷剂在果蔬保鲜及短途冷链运输过程中相变潜热低、蓄冷效果不显著等问题,以及苹果常温贮运易腐烂、营养损失等产业难题。以JH-Y-A、JH-Y-B新型蓄冷剂为试材,采取空箱试验设计、温度差计算冷量方法,对其蓄冷特性进行研究,并将2种相变蓄冷剂分别应用于苹果蓄冷保鲜试验中,以冰蓄冷剂作为空白对照。通过模拟运输环境温度(25℃),测定56 h内果实回温曲线及理化指标,以阐述新型蓄冷剂保鲜效果。结果表明,JH-Y-B蓄冷剂释放冷是冰蓄冷剂的1.2倍,至模拟蓄冷保鲜结束,试验组果实回温均低于对照组(17.3℃),均能有效维持可溶性固形物含量,保持苹果硬度及失水状况,苹果品质均优于对照组。研究表明该新型相变蓄冷剂蓄冷贮藏能力好,能减缓果蔬品质损失,为果蔬简约蓄冷保温技术应用奠定理论基础。

In the process of fruit and vegetable preservation and cold chain transportation,the latent heat of ice storage agent is very low and the effect of cold storage is not significant.So it is difficult to keep apple’s good quality and high nutritional value at normal temperature.In this experiment,JH-Y-A and JY-Y-B2 were used as test materials,and the cooling characteristics of them were studied by using the method of empty box test design and calculating cooling capacity by temperature difference.Two types of phase change refrigerant was used in apple storage experiment respectively,and ice refrigerant was used as blank control.By simulating the temperature of transportation(25℃),the fruit return temperature curve and physical and chemical indicators were measured within 56 h,in order to expound the effect of new refrigerant.The results showed that JH-Y-B refrigerant released 1.2 times more cold than ice refrigerant.By the end of simulated cold storage and preservation,the fruit return temperature of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(17.3℃).All of them could effectively maintain the content of soluble solids,keep apples’hardness and water loss,and the quality of apples was better than the control group.It showed that the cold storage agent has good storage abilities and can reduce the loss of quality.It lays a theoretical foundation for the simple cold storage and heat preservation technology of fruits and vegetables.