摩擦性贸易壁垒对贸易政策制定和福利的影响——基于标准贸易模型的理论分析

The Impacts of Frictional Trade Barriers on Trade Policy and Welfare--A Theoretical Analysis Based on Standard Trade Model

本文构造一个标准的贸易模型,并将摩擦性贸易壁垒作为外生随机变量纳入模型,分析摩擦性壁垒对最优贸易政策决定和社会福利的影响。分析结果表明,在决策者的目标是社会福利最大化时,最优关税水平随摩擦性贸易壁垒反向变化,贸易政策不确定性随摩擦性壁垒不确定性的增大而增大。且摩擦性贸易壁垒的均值和不确定性均独立地影响社会福利,均值和不确定性降低都使社会福利提升。当决策者有保护国内生产企业的目标时,保护程度的大小将影响摩擦性贸易壁垒的作用方向。

This paper constructs a standard trade model and incorporates the frictional trade barrier as the exogenous stochastic variable to analyses the impact of the frictional trade barrier on the optimal trade policy choice and social welfare.The result shows when the policymaker’s objective is to maximize social welfare,the optimal tariff decreases with the frictional trade barrier,while the uncertainty of trade policy varies with the uncertainty of the frictional trade barrier.In addition,the mean value and uncertainty of frictional trade barrier affect social welfare independently and both decreases their have positive effects on welfare.When policymakers’objective includes protecting domestic producers,the degree of protection will decide the direction of the impact of the frictional trade barrier on policymakers’objective.