全球价值链嵌入对工资差距的影响——基于全球价值链参与度及地位指数视角

The Impact of Participating Global Value Chains on Wage Gap--From the Perspective of GVCs Participation and Position

近年来,全球价值链已经成为世界经济发展的重要特征。与此同时,不同技术劳动力之间工资差距的扩大成为学界关注的焦点。为研究全球价值链嵌入对各国不同技术劳动力间工资差距的影响,本文采用全球价值链参与度指数以及全球价值链地位指数作为刻画全球价值链嵌入水平的指标,构建计量经济学模型进行实证研究。研究结果显示,发展中国家制造业参与度及地位指数的提高均缩小了不同技术劳动力间工资差距,服务业参与度的提高缩小了工资差距,服务业地位指数的提高扩大了工资差距;发达国家制造业参与度的提高扩大了工资差距,地位指数的提高缩小了工资差距,服务业参与度和地位指数的提高均缩小了工资差距。选取在全球价值链所处位置不同的五个国家(中国、印度、墨西哥、美国、日本),对这些国家全球价值链嵌入对工资差距的影响进行研究,结果显示:对于处于全球价值链下游的中国和印度,参与度的提高缩小了制造业的工资差距,扩大了服务业工资差距;对于处于全球价值链中游的墨西哥和处于全球价值链上游美国和日本,参与度的提高扩大了制造业以及服务业的工资差距;而地位指数的变化对制造业及服务业工资差距的影响在这五个国家间存在差异。

Global value chains(GVCs)becomes an important feature of economic development in today's world.At the same time,the expansion of the wage gap between labors of different techniques also draws lots of attention in the academic field.In order to study the impact of participating GVCs on the wage gap between technical labors in different countries,this paper uses the GVCs participation index and the GVCs position index from the WIOD database as indicators to describe the participation level of global value chains,and constructs an econometric model.The results show that,in developing countries,the promotion in GVCs participation and status in the manufacture industry narrowed the wage gap,while the promotion in GVCs participation in the service industry narrowed the gap,and the promotion in GVC status expanded it.In developed countries,the promotion in GVCs participation in manufacture industries widened the wage gap,and the promotion in GVCs status narrowed it,while the promotion in GVCs participation and status of service industries both narrowed the wage gap.Empirical studies of Japan,the United States,Mexico,India and China showed that the promotion in GVCs participation narrowed the wage gap in the manufacture industry and widened the wage gap in the service industries in India and China.The promotion in GVCs participation also widened the wage gap in both manufacture and service industries in Mexico,the United States and Japan.The GVCs status index has different effects on the wage gap in the manufacture and the service industries in the five countries.