光绪十九年外班“三进宫”演剧考述

On the Third Performance of Folk Theatrical Troupes at Court in the 19th Year of Guangxu

光绪十九年(1893)为清宫历史上外班第三次入宫演戏。本年共有七个外班在纯一斋、颐年殿等地演戏三十五天,演出剧目三百六十八出。光绪十九年外班入宫对推动乱弹戏在内廷的发展以及“京派”京剧的形成产生积极意义。将康熙朝、咸丰十年(1860)、光绪十九年外班入宫演戏情况做对比,可以呈现出清宫戏曲声腔的发展轨迹。不可否定的是,不同时期的民间戏班入宫演戏都促进了民间与宫廷之间的戏曲交流。

It was in the 19th year of Guangxu emperor Guangxu(1893)that the folk troupes were called to perform in the imperial palace for the third time.In that year,seven folk troupes in all performed 368 repertoires for 35 days in Chunyizhai and Yinian Palace.The folk theatrical troupes’performance at imperial palace in the 19th year of Guangxu was of great significance for the deleopment of strum play at court and the formation of Beijing opera belonging to Beijing school.By comparing the performances of folk theatrical troupes at court during the reins of Kangxi,the 10th year of Xianfeng(1860)and the 19th year of Guangxu,this paper exhibits the developing track of opera tunes in Qing dynasty.Without any doubt,the performance of folk theatrical troupes at court in different periods has promoted theatrical exchanges between folk and court.