可再生能源建筑应用的常规能源替代量和替代比例研究

Research on the Conventional Energy Substitution Volume and Proportion for Renewable Energy Building Applications

可再生能源在建筑中的应用现已相当广泛,《建筑节能与绿色建筑发展"十三五"规划》中更是指出了:到2020年,城镇可再生能源替代民用建筑常规能源消耗比重超过6%。但各种可再生能源建筑应用的常规能源替代量尚无简便统计方法和计算公式,这给准确统计可再生替代常规能源的比例带来了困难。本文以上海地区为例,对太阳能热水系统、太阳能光伏系统、地埋管地源热泵系统3种可再生能源的替代量进行分析,给出简便计算公式。并选取典型案例,结合上海市住宅建筑用能情况及公共建筑合理用能指南,分析各类建筑实现常规能源替代比例6%目标的可行性。结果表明:不同功能的建筑用能特点不同,在可再生能源的选择、建筑年综合能源消耗、常规能源的替代比例三方面也大不同。住宅、办公、旅馆、教育、文化、体育建筑均可通过场地内可再生能源合理选择和建筑一体化设计,实现常规能源替代比重6%的目标。大型商业和医疗建筑因自身能耗高且屋顶可利用面积有限,6%的替代目标较难实现,该类项目可从场地外的社区层面以及一次侧能源方面进行总体规划和设计,提供可购绿色电力,实现总体替代目标。

Renewable energy is widely applied in buildings.It is pointed out in "The 13 th Five-Year Plan for Building Energy Conservation and Green Building Development " that the proportion of conventional energy substituted by renewable energy should over 6% for civil buildings by 2020.No simple statistical methods and calculation formulas can be used to calculate the conventional energy substitution volume for various renewable energy building applications,difficulties in accurately calculating the proportion of conventional energy substituted by renewable energy were thus made.In this paper,the Shanghai area was taken as an example,and the substitution volume of three kinds of renewable energy,namely,solar water heating system,solar photovoltaic system and ground-coupled heat pump system,was analyzed,and a simple calculation formula was proposed.At the same time,typical cases were selected,and the energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai as well as the reasonable energy consumption guidelines of public buildings were combined to analyze the feasibility of various buildings to achieve the 6% target of conventional energy substitution.The results show that the energy consumption characteristics of buildings with different functions are different,and the selection of renewable energy, the annual comprehensive energy consumption of the building, and the substitution proportion of conventional energy are of great difference.The 6% target of conventional energy substitution can be achieved in residential,office,hotel,education,cultural,and sports buildings via reasonable selection of renewable energy in the site and integrated design of buildings.For large commercial and medical buildings,the 6% target of substitution is difficult to achieve due to its high energy consumption and limited roof available area,and this type of project can be comprehensively planned and designed from the community level outside the site and the aspect of primary side energy,so as to provide green power and achieve the overall substitution target.